How Does Chia Network (XCH) Work?
Chia Network is, at its core, a layer 1blockchain that improves upon proof-of-stake (PoS) and proof-of-work (PoW) by using a proof-of-space consensus mechanism in combination with proof-of-time. This is to provide high security while not compromising on performance. Its blockchain can perform several functions:
- Process financial transactions (sending XCH).
- Running programs written in its own smart contract language called Chialisp.
- Mint XCH tokens.
The network is secured by thousands of nodes that broadcast all new transactions and blocks to other nodes to secure the network. Nodes can also partake in farming to secure the network.Farming requires nodes to locally store large files called plots. These consist of random data and are at the heart of Chia’s proof-of-space consensus mechanism. These plots are used to solve a challenge similar to how proof-of-work requires miners to do computational work. They function as the lottery ticket to the block reward for solving the puzzle. The more space nodes provide on their computers, the higher the chance to win the block reward.Timelord nodes have a special function as they broadcast proofs of time every nine seconds. Timelord nodes are informed when unfinished blocks are submitted to the network, and will then work on a proof of time using a verifiable delay function (VDF). Put differently, they announce the winning nodes. If a farmer wins the lottery drawing, they can process the highest-paying transactions from the mempool into a new block and broadcast this to the network. This ensures correct documentation of time and allows the Chia Network to process more transactions per second than PoW blockchains like Ethereum, where nodes have to constantly synchronize the state of the blockchain.
Chia thus combines the security of PoW blockchains with the performance and energy efficiency of PoS blockchains.
Unique Features of Chia Network
Chia has several features that distinguish it from traditional blockchains like Bitcoin.
Chialisp
Chialisp is its custom smart contract language that powers the ChiaLisp Virtual Machine, the equivalent of the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM). Using a so-called coin set model, similar to Bitcoin’s unspent transaction model, Chialisp tracks the blockchain’s state and prevents double spending. Chia underscores that its coin set model is different from Ethereum’s account model and increases security, reduces maximum extractable value (MEV) and makes its code fully auditable.
Security
XCH contain a hash of the previously mined coin’s ID, a puzzlehash, and an amount. Since hashes are not reversible with current technology, it is unfeasible for a hacker to even analyze the blockchain to determine what a coin’s type is, let alone view the code that created it. Chia claims this is a superior solution to Ethereum, where a smart contract’s source code can be viewed using a compiler.
Energy Efficiency, Decentralization and Pooling
Chia’s combined proof-of-time and proof-of-space consensus is more energy-efficient than PoW and allows anyone with a connection and free disk space to participate as a node. Chia claims that this makes the network the most decentralized globally, with hundreds of thousands of nodes participating in securing it.
In addition, Chia’s pool operators are only responsible for distributing rewards and cannot modify the blockchain, making miner collusion impossible. For a won block, the farmer receives 12.5% of the rewards and the pool operator the rest to discourage pool operators from harming their competition by farming on a competing pool and neglecting to create a block when they find proof.
Chia Network (XCH) Tokenomics
Chia did not have an ICO, but it did raise private rounds to secure funding for the project. Although investors did not receive tokens, they can redeem a portion of the network’s strategic reserve. These pre-farmed 21 million XCH are used to invest in the network’s long-term development. Chia plans to use the strategic reserve in several ways:
- Lending: lend XCH to customers and create liquidity for XCH.
- Additional Farming Rewards
- Investing: grants to developers and initiatives that develop the network.
- Share Buybacks: Chia plans to go public in addition to its strategic reserve and could use these tokens to buy back shares.
- Dividends: XCH could also be used as dividends when the network goes public.
The Chia Network follows a halving schedule for its block rewards in order to reward nodes for securing the network.
- 2021 to 2024: 2 XCH per block.
- 2025 to 2027: 1 XCH per block.
- 2028 to 2030: 0.5 XCH per block.
- 2031 to 2033: 0.25 XCH per block.
- After the start of 2034, 0.125 XCH is created in perpetuity.
Mining rewards are divided between a farmer and a pool reward. The first part goes to the farmer’s wallet, containing 1/8th of the total value (0.25 XCH for the first three years). The second part goes to the public key specified for the winning plot and contains the remaining 1.75 XCH (for the first three years).
Chia Network (XCH) Price
Chia Network (XCH) is currently trading around $66 as of March 15, 2022, down from its all-time high of $1,934.51 set in May 2021. Its 24-hour trading volume on exchanges is around $8.3 million, and its fully diluted market cap is just below $1.5 billion.
Chia Network (XCH) Price Prediction and Future Outlook
Chia Network proposes an intriguing new consensus mechanism similar to that of Solana. If the architecture can be proven to work at scale, it could be highly interesting to the corporate clients Chia Network seemingly plans to target.However, its XCH token has lost 95% of its value from its all-time high, which means cryptocurrency investors clearly disagree with the value proposition put forward by Chia. To add insult to injury, the network has been trading below $200 for more than six months, suggesting that this is not a macro-induced dip but the result of fundamental distrust by the market. It is difficult to pin down what may be the reason for this. One possibility could be Chia’s approach to leave governance in the hands of its executive board and pursue a public listing in addition to tokenization, leading investors to believe that mining XCH makes no economic sense. Traditionally, cryptocurrency investors are suspicious of corporate structures.However, if Chia Network can find a way to better communicate its use case and galvanize community support for the project — possibly through a change in its governance — the price of XCH could reverse. Furthermore, Chia Network launched its first native peer-to-peer (P2P) exchange directly in the Chia wallet. It also partnered with Stably to bring the first dollar-denominated stablecoin on to the network. Considering that Chia seems to have a fundamentally sound product, it would be too early to discard its long-term prospects, even though the cryptocurrency market is unpredictable.